Segment 1 Of 3 Next Hearing Segment(2)
SPEAKERS CONTENTS INSERTS
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61–161
1999
REFORMULATED GASOLINE
(RFG), PARTS I & II
HEARING
before the
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT
of the
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ONE HUNDRED SIXTH CONGRESS
FIRST SESSION
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SEPTEMBER 14 AND 30, 1999
Serial No. 106–48
Printed for the use of the Committee on Science
REFORMULATED GASOLINE (RFG), PARTS I & II
61–161
2000
REFORMULATED GASOLINE
(RFG), PARTS I & II
HEARING
before the
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT
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of the
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
ONE HUNDRED SIXTH CONGRESS
FIRST SESSION
SEPTEMBER 14 AND 30, 1999
Serial No. 106–48
Printed for the use of the Committee on Science
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE
F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., Chairman
SHERWOOD L. BOEHLERT, New York
LAMAR SMITH, Texas
CONSTANCE A. MORELLA, Maryland
CURT WELDON, Pennsylvania
DANA ROHRABACHER, California
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JOE BARTON, Texas
KEN CALVERT, CA
NICK SMITH, Michigan
ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland
VERNON J. EHLERS, Michigan
DAVE WELDON, Florida
GIL GUTKNECHT, Minnesota
THOMAS W. EWING, Illinois
CHRIS CANNON, Utah
KEVIN BRADY, Texas
MERRILL COOK, Utah
GEORGE R. NETHERCUTT, Jr., Washington
FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma
MARK GREEN, Wisconsin
STEVEN T. KUYKENDALL, California
GARY G. MILLER, California
JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois
MARSHALL ''MARK'' SANFORD, South Carolina
JACK METCALF, Washington
RALPH M. HALL, Texas
BART GORDON, Tennessee
JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois
JAMES A. BARCIA, Michigan
EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas
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LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California
LYNN N. RIVERS, Michigan
ZOE LOFGREN, California
MICHAEL F. DOYLE, Pennsylvania
SHEILA JACKSON-LEE, Texas
DEBBIE STABENOW, Michigan
BOB ETHERIDGE, North Carolina
NICK LAMPSON, Texas
JOHN B. LARSON, Connecticut
MARK UDALL, Colorado
DAVID WU, Oregon
ANTHONY D. WEINER, New York
MICHAEL E. CAPUANO, Massachusetts
BRIAN BAIRD, Washington
JOSEPH M. HOEFFEL, Pennsylvania
DENNIS MOORE, Kansas
Vacancy
C O N T E N T S
Reformulated Gasoline (RFG)—Part I: September 14, 1999
Opening Statement by Representative Ken Calvert (CA–43), Chairman, Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives
Opening Statement by Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson (TX–30), Member, Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives
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Opening Statement by Representative F. James Sensenbrenner Jr., (WI–9), Chairman, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives
Opening Statement by Representative Jerry F. Costello (IL–12), Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives
Opening Statement by Representative Judy Biggert (IL–13), Member, Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives
Panel
Ms. Margo T. Oge, Director, Office of Mobile Sources, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, DC
Oral Testimony
Prepared Statement
Biography
Dr. William L. Chameides, Chairman, National Research Council Panel on Ozone Forming Potential of Reformulated Gasoline and Regents Professor, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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Oral Testimony
Prepared Statement
Biography
Mr. Daniel S. Greenbaum, Chairman, EPA Blue Ribbon Panel on Oxygenates in Gasoline and President, Health Effects Institute, Cambridge, MA
Oral Testimony
Prepared Statement
Biography
Mr. Thomas V. Skinner, Director, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Springfield, IL
Oral Testimony
Prepared Statement
Biography
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Mr. Mark D. Beuhler, Affiliated Water Districts of California and Water Quality Manager, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA on behalf of the Association of California Water Agencies
Oral Testimony
Prepared Statement
Biography
Financial Disclosure
Panel Discussion:
Blue Ribbon Panel and National Research Council Panel Recommendations on Gasoline Formulations
Status of Reformulated Gasoline [RFG] Formulations without Oxygenates under the Clean Air Act Amendments [CAAA] of 1990
EPA Position on Flexibility for Refiners under the RFG Program
Costs and Benefits of the RFG Program versus Proposed Gasoline Sulfur Reductions
Adequacy and Timeliness of EPA's Advisory on Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether [MTBE] in Drinking Water
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Leaking Underground Storage Tanks [LUST] and Other Sources of MTBE in Underground Drinking Water Supplies
Status of Ethanol RFG Program in Chicago and Milwaukee Non-Attainment Areas
Ethanol Programs in Minnesota and Iowa and Flexibility under the CAAA of 1990
Reopening the CAAA of 1990 or Other Legislative Solutions to Reduce the Use of MTBE
Market Effects in Illinois if Ethanol is Mandated under State Law
Percentage of Ethanol Produced in Illinois that is Used in the RFG Program
Blue Ribbon Panel Rationale for Recommending the Elimination of the Oxygenate Mandate
Sources of Data for NRC Panel Report and Potential Gaps in that Data
Inadequacy of EPA Models Tracking Carbon Monoxide [CO] in the Atmosphere and the Role of Oxygenates in the Reduction of CO
EPA's Position on CO Credits to Allow Year Round Use of Ethanol in the RFG Program
''Knee-jerk'' Oxygenate Mandate, Water and Air Quality, Phaseout Timeframe and Continued Research Needs
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EPA Comments on the MTBE Phaseout and Ban Timeframe
More on CAAA of 1990 Oxygenate Mandate and Oxygenate Benefits
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks and Other Possible Sources of MTBE in Water Supplies
MTBE as Early Warning of a Storage Tank Leaks and Monitoring for Leaks
Updated Underground Tanks are Inadequate for MTBE Storage
Boats and Jet Skis as a Source of MTBE Contamination in Lake Tahoe and Lake Paris
MTBE Production in Texas, Transport through Groundwater, Biodegradation and Placement of Storage Tanks near Water Supplies
Using ''Tracers'' to Detect Leaks in Underground Tanks
Financial and Technical Impediments to Treating MTBE—Contaminated Water Supplies
Availability of Data on MTBE and Water Contamination Prior to Introduction of EPA's RFG Program
Status of California's Request for Waiver from the Oxygenate Requirement
Blue Ribbon Panel's Position on Upgrading Underground Storage Tanks and Concern over Continued Leaks
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Timeframe for Phaseout or Ban of MTBE
More on Costs of Treating MTBE in Drinking Water
Potential Health Effects of MTBE
Reformulated Gasoline (RFG)—Part II: September 30, 1999
Opening Statement by Representative Ken Calvert (CA–43), Chairman, Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives
Opening Statement by Representative Jerry F. Costello (IL–12), Ranking Minority Member, Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives
Panel
Dr. Edward H. Murphy, General Manager, Downstream Industry Segment, American Petroleum Institute, Washington, DC
Oral Testimony
Prepared Statement
Biography
Financial Disclosure
Dr. Alfred J. Jessel, Principal Consultant, Fuels Regulation and Emissions Technology, Chevron Products Company, San Francisco, CA
Oral Testimony
Prepared Statement
Biography
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Financial Disclosure
Mr. Jason S. Grumet, Executive Director, Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM), Boston, MA
Oral Testimony
Prepared Statement
Biography
Financial Disclosure
Mr. Nicholas L. Economides, Director, Technical Programs, Oxygenated Fuels Association, Arlington, VA
Oral Testimony
Prepared Statement
Biography
Financial Disclosure
Mr. W.H. Eric Vaughn, President and Chief Executive Officer, Renewable Fuels Association, Washington, DC
Oral Testimony
Prepared Statement
Biography
Financial Disclosure
Panel Discussion
Increased Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP) Concerns with the Use of Ethanol
Commingling of Ethanol and other Oxygenated Fuels
Nature of RVP Increased with the Use of Ethanol
Biodegradation and Movement of Ethanol and Gasoline in Groundwater
Possible Unintended Consequences of Switching to a Mandate for Ethanol
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Research on Ethanol and Legislative Changes in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
Dissenting Opinions on the EPA's Blue Ribbon Panel
Circumstances of Maine and New Hampshire's Withdrawal from the Federal RFG Program
NESCAUM Study on the Feasibility of Substituting Ethanol for MTBE in the Northeast
Ethanol Supply and the California Market
Refiner Flexibility, the Oxygen Requirement and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
Chevron CBG Compared to Ethanol-Based Gasoline
H.R. 11 and Ethanol in California
Gas Prices, Ethanol Supply and the California Market under a Continued Oxygenate Mandate
MTBE and Gasoline Prices
Ethanol Transportation and Supply
Refinery Disruptions and the Short-term Increase in the Use of MTBE in California
Refinery Changes Required to Accommodate Widespread Use of Ethanol
Potential Market for Ethanol in California under H.R. 11
Ethanol Tax Subsidies and the Highway Trust Fund
Appendix 1: Additional Statements for the Record
Statement of the U.S. House of Representatives Alcohol Fuels Caucus—Representative Bill Barrett (NE–3), Representative Jim Nussle (IA–2), Representative Dave Minge (MN–2), and Representative Lane Evans (IL–17)
Statement by the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies and the American Water Works Association on Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether [MTBE]
Biography of Diane VanDe Hei, Executive Director
Financial Disclosure for the Association of Metropolitan Water Agencies
Financial Disclosure for the American Water Works Association
Appendix 2: Additional Materials for the Record
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Ozone-Forming Potential of Reformulated Gasoline, National Research Council (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999)
Achieving Clean Air and Clean Water: The Report of the Blue Ribbon Panel on Oxygenates in Gasoline, United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA420–R–99–021, September 15, 1999
RFG/MTBE—Findings and Recommendations, Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM), August 1999
Potential Economic Benefits of the Feinstein-Bilbray Bill, an analysis performed for Chevron Products Company and Tosco Corporation by MathPro Inc., Bethesda, MD, March 18, 1999
Oxygenates in Water: Critical Information and Research Needs, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, EPA/600/R–98/048, December 1998
Appendix 3: Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Submitted by Members of the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
Answers to Post-Hearing Questions—Reformulated Gasoline (RFG)—Part I: September 14, 1999
Ms. Margo T. Oge, Director, Office of Mobile Sources, Office of Air and Radiation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Republican Member Questions
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Leaking Underground Storage Tanks and MTBE Contamination
Reduction of Ozone and Oxygenated RFG
Infrastructure and Increased Use of Ethanol
Democratic Member Questions
Implementation of Findings of the Blue Ribbon Panel
EPA Research Plans for MTBE Substitutes
Dr. William L. Chameides, Chairman, National Research Council Panel on Ozone Forming Potential of Reformulated Gasoline and Regents Professor, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology
Republican Member Questions
Reactivity vs. Mass of Emissions
NRC Report Findings and the Reduction of VOCs, NOX and Air Toxics
Mr. Daniel S. Greenbaum, Chairman, EPA Blue Ribbon Panel on Oxygenates in Gasoline and President, Health Effects Institute
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Republican Member Questions
Reduction of Ozone and Oxygenated RFG
Ethanol and Clean Air and Water Issues
Democratic Member Questions
Alternatives to MTBE
Replacing the Oxygenate Mandate with a Renewable Fuels Mandate
Mr. Thomas V. Skinner, Director, Illinois Environmental Protection Agency
Republican Member Questions
Ethanol and Clean Air and Water Issues
Infrastructure and Increased Use of Ethanol
Answers to Post-Hearing Questions—Reformulated Gasoline (RFG)—Part II: September 30, 1999
Dr. Edward H. Murphy, General Manager, Downstream Industry Segment, American Petroleum Institute
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Republican Member Questions
Will MTBE be Shipped from California to the Midwest?
Removal of Pentanes from Gasoline to Reduce Volatility
Dr. Alfred J. Jessel, Principal Consultant, Fuels Regulation and Emissions Technology, Chevron Products Company
Republican Member Questions
Removal of Pentanes from Gasoline to Reduce Volatility
Next Hearing Segment(2)